Buddhist monks live a simple life. Their clothing reflects this simplicity. Many people wonder what Buddhist monks wear under their robes. This question has both practical and spiritual answers. Monks dress not only for comfort but also based on ancient traditions. These traditions come from the teachings of the Buddha himself.
Understanding what they wear under their robes helps us understand their values. These values include humility, modesty, and detachment from material things. In this article, we explore this topic in detail using easy language, based on Buddhist monk lifestyle and real practices.
The Three-Part Robe System
Monks usually wear three parts of clothing. These are known as the “triple robe” or “tricīvara” in Pali. They include:
- Inner robe (antarvāsa): This is worn under everything. It covers the lower body, from the waist down.
- Upper robe (uttarāsaṅga): This covers the upper body. It wraps around the shoulders.
- Outer robe (saṅghāti): This is the large robe seen in photos. It is worn during ceremonies or when going out.
The inner robe is the main answer to what is worn under the monk’s robes. But there is more to know.
What Is the Inner Robe Made Of?
Traditionally, monks made robes from discarded cloth. This cloth was cleaned, dyed, and sewn together. Today, cotton is most common. In colder places, monks may use wool or thick fabric. The inner robe is usually soft and light to help monks stay cool.
Underclothing in Buddhist Monastic Traditions
Do Monks Wear Underwear?
This question comes up often. The answer is not the same for every tradition. In Theravāda Buddhism, especially in places like Thailand or Sri Lanka, monks may wear a simple cloth like a loincloth under their robes. Some may not wear modern underwear. Instead, they wear a piece of cloth called “kacchāya” or “langoti” which covers the private parts.
In Mahāyāna or Vajrayāna traditions, especially in countries like China, Korea, or Tibet, monks may wear simple undergarments. These can include underwear or shorts, especially in colder climates. But they are still modest and plain.
Why Modesty Matters
Monks live by the rule of modesty. They must not expose their bodies. Wearing something under the robe helps avoid that. The goal is to reduce attention to the body and focus on the mind. Wearing underclothing is not about style. It is about respect and humility.
How Do Robes Stay in Place?
You might wonder how the robes stay on if there are no buttons or zippers. Monks use folding techniques and belts. The inner robe is tied around the waist. The upper robe is wrapped and folded. Some monks use a simple belt or cloth tie to keep the robe secure.
This method of wearing clothes is part of their discipline. It teaches patience and mindfulness. Monks learn to wear robes properly from their early training.
Regional Differences in Under-Robe Clothing
Theravāda Traditions (Southeast Asia)
In countries like Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Sri Lanka, monks follow very old traditions. The robes are mostly in saffron, ochre, or brown colors. Underneath, monks wear a waist cloth or a simple piece of fabric. Some may wear cloth underpants, but never anything fancy.
Mahāyāna Traditions (East Asia)
In China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, monastic dress is a bit different. The robes may include underlayers like shirts or pants. This is because of the colder weather. But the goal of modesty and simplicity remains.
Vajrayāna Traditions (Tibet, Mongolia)
Tibetan monks often wear maroon or burgundy robes. They may wear long-sleeved shirts and pants underneath, especially in cold weather. These clothes are still plain and follow monastic rules. The clothes are chosen for warmth and ease of movement.
Rules from the Vinaya
The Vinaya is the set of rules for Buddhist monks. It includes guidance on clothing. The Vinaya says that robes must cover the body properly. It also lists the materials that are allowed. The purpose is to prevent pride or attachment to appearance.
According to the Vinaya, monks must not wear flashy or stylish clothes. Even the cloth worn under the robe must be plain. This supports a monk’s goal to detach from worldly desires.
Proper Robe Care and Cleanliness
Monks must keep their robes clean. This includes the inner robe. Cleanliness is part of mindfulness. Monks wash their robes regularly and often sew them by hand. Some monasteries have shared washing areas. This reminds monks of the value of work and community.
Why the Simplicity of Clothing Matters
Monks choose to live with very little. This includes their clothes. Having only a few robes helps monks avoid distraction. It allows them to focus on meditation and the teachings of the Buddha.
The simple inner robe is part of this lifestyle. It helps monks live in a way that is peaceful and without pride. Many believe this simplicity is what gives monks a peaceful appearance.
Laypeople’s Role in Robe Offerings
In many Buddhist cultures, laypeople offer robes to monks. These offerings may include the inner robe or even undergarments. This act is seen as very good karma. Offering robes helps support the monastic community.
Some temples have robe-offering festivals. These are important events. The robes offered are used every day by the monks, including what they wear under their robes.
Robes as a Symbol
A monk’s robe is more than clothing. It shows their path in life. Even what they wear under the robe matters. It reflects discipline, humility, and commitment. Whether it’s a simple waist cloth or a warm underlayer, the purpose is always the same: to live by the Dharma.
Can You Try Wearing Monk Robes?
Some people attend short-term retreats and wear robes. This includes the inner robe. It helps them experience monastic life. Wearing robes reminds them to be mindful. But only ordained monks take full vows and live by all the clothing rules.
Conclusion
What do Buddhist monks wear under their robes? The answer is simple: a plain inner robe, a waist cloth, or simple undergarments. The exact item depends on tradition and climate. But the idea is always the same — modesty, humility, and mindfulness.
These clothes are part of a deep practice. Every fold and stitch reflects the Buddha’s teachings. It is not fashion, but a way of life. To understand Buddhist monks, we must understand their clothing, starting with what lies beneath the robes.
